Improvement in pumps



MFEERS. PHOTD-LITNUGRAPHER, WASHINGTON D C UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

J. L. MePHEEsoN, 0E saoEni'rENfro CITY, eALrEoENiA.

IMPROVEMENT 1N PUMPS.

Specification forming part ot' Letters Patent No. 35,829, dated July 8, v1862.

To @ZZ whom, it may concern:

' Beit known that I, J. L. MCPHERSON, of Sacramento City, in the county of Sacramento and State of California, have invented anew and Improved Pump; and I do hereby declare pump which may by a very slight manipula tion be changed from a force to a lift or isuction pump, and vice versa, and also possessthe advantage of not being liable to become choked by sand, and by a Very simple construction and arrangement of parts have its plunger-rod, an airchamber, and a buoy combined, so that each of the aforesaid elements will perform its proper function equally as well as if they were applied separately in the ordinary way, thereby not only econo! mizing in the construction of the pump, but also rendering it simple and very efficient in its operation.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully `understand and construct my invention, l will proceed to describe it.

The pumpcylinder is madeot' two parts, A B, the lower part, B, being smaller in diameter than A, and having a cross-bar, a, at its lower end, to which a hook may be attached for the purpose of loweringB through A into the well. Packingbis interposed between the two parts A B of the cylinder, where they overlap in order to form an air-tight joint, the upper ,end of B being provided with a flange, ex, and the lower end of A 'being of conical form, sothat a taper chamber is provided to receive the packing, as shown in Fig. l'. The lower end of thelower part, B, of the pump-cylinder is nearly at the bottom of the well, and the lower part of B is of inverted conical forni, as shown at c, Fig. l. W'ithin this part c of B there is fitted a box, C,which is also oi' inverted conical form,corresponding to c, but less in diameter, to admit of packing d being wound around or adjusted to it.

Within the box C there is permanently se cured a central tube, D, of cylindrical form, the upper end of which is nearly on a level with the upper end of the box C. The tube D is equal in diametcrto the lower end of the box C, and as the interior as well as the eXterior of said box is of conical form, a chamber o'r space, E, will be allowed all around the tubeD between it and the inner side of the .box C. The upper end of the tube D forms a seat for a puppet-Valve, F, the stem e of which works in guides f' f, formed of crossbars in the tube D, and a cross-bar, g, is attached to the upper end of the boX C. The box C is 'not secured permanently in the lower part of B. It is merely fitted in it, and may belet down therein and removed therefrom when necessary by a hook attached to the crossbar g.

G represents the plunger-box, which is of cylindrical form and of such diameter that it may work freely in B at a point within suc tion distance of the water. The inner side of the plunger-box G is of inclined or iiaring form, gradually inclining outward from its lower to its upper end, and within the plungerbox there is a iixed or permanent central tube, H, the upper end of which is about flush or on a level wit-h the upper end of the plunger-box. The upper end of the tube H serves as a scat for a puppet-valve, I, which works on a ver tical bolt,71iitted in a crossbar, 1'., in the tube H, and in a cross-bang', in a tube, J. This tube J is considerably less in diameter than the parts A B of the pump-cylinder, and its lower part is expanded in bell form, as shown at 7c, Fig. l, and perforated with holes Z,wl1ile the part below k gradually contracts to form the frustum of an inverted cone, as shown at m.

K is a packing, which is of leather or other suitable material. This packing is in the forni of a conical ring, and it encompasses the inverted conical lower end, mf, of the tube J, and is firmly clamped thereto by the plungerbox G and bolt h, the nut h' of the latter causing the lower part of the packing to be firmly clamped between the inner side of the plunger-box and the inverted conical end m of the tube J. The upper part of the packing K works in close contact with the inner side of the part B of the pumpcylinder. The inverted conical lower end, on, of the tube. J en- Compasses the tube H of the plunger-box G,

and m is sufficiently larger in diameter than H to admit of a chamber, L, of requisite dimensions being between H and m, as shown in Fig. 1. lIhe tube J extends some distance upward within the part A of the pump-cylinder, and to its upper end there is attached centrally a rod, M, which passes up through a stuffingbox, N, at the top of the part A of the pumpcylinder.

O is a lever, the fulcrum-pin u of which passes through the upper part of a lever, P. rPhe lower end ofthe lever P is attached by a fulerum-pin, 0, to the outer side of the part A of the pump-cylinder, as shown in Fig.V 1. The upper part of the lever P is iitted in a guide, Q, which is attached to the upper part of A of the pump-cylinder, and has a hole, p, made laterally through it to receive a pimp', when necessary, said pin when used also passing through the lever P. B is a dischargespout, which is attached to the part A of the pump-cylinder; and S is a box representing the well or reservoir.

The operation of the pump is as follows: When the device is used as a force-pump, the pin p is fitted in the lever P above the guide Q., so that the lever P will be left free to move or work on its fulcrum-pin o,

and as the lever O is operated or worked up and down a similar or corresponding motion lis of course imparted to the tube J. As the tube J rises, the valve F opens and the valve I closes, the water from the well passing up through the tube D and entering the lower part, B, ofthe pump-cylinder, and when the tube J descends, the valve F closes and valve I opens, allowing the water in B below the plunger-box to pass up through tube H and holes Z in J and into B above the plunger-box; and on the succeeding ascent ofthe tube J and plu nger-box water is discharged from the spout B. The tube J serves not only as apart ot' a plunger-rod, but also as an air-chamber, and causes the water to flow from the spout R in a continuous stream. The tube also serves as abuoy and greatly assistsin raising the plunger-box G. The chamber E, which encompasses the tube D, serves to catch all sand and foreign substances which have a greater specific gravity than water, and the chamber L, which encompasses the tube H, performs the same function. These chambers E L effectually prevent the pump, or rather its valves, from becoming choked or clogged with sand or other substances; and when said chambers are filled, the box C and plunger-box G may be very readily removed from the pumpcylinder, the chambers emptied of their contents, and the boxes replaced in the pumpcylinder.

In order to convert the pump into an ordinary lift-pump,the stuiiing-box N is detached from the upper end of the upper part, A, of the pump-cylinder and the upper part of the lever P made stationary or fixed by passing the pin p through the hole p in the guide Q and through the lever P. Vhen the stuffingbox N is removed, there is a double action connected with the part B of the pump-cylinder, as follows: rlhe part B from l to 2 is capable of holding just one-halfthe amount of water that it holds in the same length of stroke below the plunger-box G (say from 3 to 4) after the plunger-box is raised to 2 and 4. Now, suppose the bottom of the plunger to be at 4 and B from 3 to 4, to be iilled with water, it will be seen that by lowering the plungerbox to 3 the water will pass through the tube H, and one half will remain in B from l to 2, and that the other half will pass out at the spout B, for the simple reason that there is not room for it below (after the pump is once filled.) By then raising the plunger-box G the water from l to 2 will be forced upward and out at the spout, and at the same movement the part of B below the plunger-box from 3 to 4 will be again filled by suction or atmospheric pressure. .Thus the power is divided between the ascent and the descent of the plunger-box.

Having thus described my invention, what 'I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The movable box C in the lower part, B, of the pump-cylinder, provided with the tube D and valve F, and arranged, as shown, to admit of a chamber, E,around4 the tube D within box C, as set forth.

2. The central valve-tube, H, in the plunger-box G, in connection with the inner inclined side of the plunger-box and inclined or inverted-cone-shaped end m of the tube J, for the purpose offorminga chamber,L,around tube H, and also for the purpose of securing the packing K to or in the plunger-box, as described. y

3. The tube J, arranged and applied to the plunger-box G and within the pump-cylinder,

'as shown,I performing the triple function of a plunger-rod, air-chamber, and buoy, as set forth.

4. rPhe lever P, when arranged, as shown, to be capable of being made fixed or to rock and used in connection with the lever O and tube J, as and for the purpose specified.

J. L.y MCPHERSON.

'Witnessesz J AMES CoGGINs, D. W. VIRGIN. 

